Maya Babai Kochkaksaraei; Hami Kaboosi; Ezzat Allah Ghaemi
Volume 21, Issue 8 , 2019, Pages 1-9
Abstract
Background: Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tub) is an essential step for several purposes, including the epidemi- ological studies and the tuberculosis (TB) control programs. Golestan province in the Southeast of the Caspian Sea is the second Iranian high burden TB province.Objectives: This ...
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Background: Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tub) is an essential step for several purposes, including the epidemi- ological studies and the tuberculosis (TB) control programs. Golestan province in the Southeast of the Caspian Sea is the second Iranian high burden TB province.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of M.tub isolates in Golestan province located in the north of Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all non-repetitive confirmed M.tub isolates, which were collected from patients with TB in Golestan province in 2016, were used for genotyping. After DNA extraction, PCR was done for 15 loci of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTRs) for the 162 M.tub isolates. Then genetic diversity and genetic re- lationships between them were assessed by best match analysis using tools on MIRU-VNTRplus database. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of M.tub isolates was determined by the proportional method. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS and R software.Results: Out of 162 M.tub isolates, 156 genotype patterns were obtained, which 150 of which were unique. Nine of 15 loci were highly discriminative. The clustering rates were 3.7%. The prevalence of polyclonal infection was 2.46%. Also, HGDI and AHGDI were 0.999 and 0.979, respectively. The New-1 (22.2%) and Beijing (13.6%) sub-lineages had the highest prevalence in this region. Although there was no significant correlation between demographic criteria and M.tub genotypes, still Beijing isolates showed more treatment failure (18.2% vs. 0.7%) and resistance to streptomycin (40.9% vs. 7.8%) compared to others (P < 0.05). The assessment of the minimum spanning tree showed that the members of the clonal complex were limited except for members of Beijing. The PCA analysis showed that the combination of Qub11b and Mtub30 loci was diagnostic for Beijing sub-lineage.Conclusions: Owing to the high genotypic diversity of M.tub isolates in this region, relying on tuberculosis control program just based on close contact treatment is not sufficient, and we require to apply another approach
Khatoon Heidari; Hami Kaboosi; Ailar Jamali; Ezzat Allah Ghaemi; Fatemeh Peyravii Ghadikolaii
Volume 21, Issue 3 , 2019, Pages 1-6
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori are the main cause of various gastroduodenal diseases. It is estimated that approximately half of the planet population is infected with H. pylori. KRAS and BRAF genes are the targets of genetic changes in H. pylori-infected patients with gastric cancer (GC) and peptic ...
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Background: Helicobacter pylori are the main cause of various gastroduodenal diseases. It is estimated that approximately half of the planet population is infected with H. pylori. KRAS and BRAF genes are the targets of genetic changes in H. pylori-infected patients with gastric cancer (GC) and peptic ulcer (PU). The high frequency of these mutations represents their high potential as a biomarker in early diagnosis of GC.Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the frequency of KRAS (Kirsten Rat Sarcoma) and BRAF (BRAF proto-oncogene) gene mutation status in H. pylori-infected patients with GC and PU.Methods: The current cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on 80 paraffin-embedded sections including 40 gastric adenocarcinoma and 40 PU tissue samples. The samples were collected from April 2017 to March 2018. H. pylori were identified and confirmed in all samples using the IHC (immunohistochemical) method and the histopathology of all PU and GC tissue samples was available. After DNA extraction from paraffin-embedded sections, and polymerase chain reaction, KRAS and BRAF gene mutations were assessed using the direct sequencing method, and the correlation of mutations and clinicopathological characteristics was also studied.Results: KRAS mutation was observed in codon 12 (n = 7; 17.5%) and BRAF mutation in codon V600 (n = 4; 10%) in patients with GC. No KRAS and BRAF mutations were observed in patients with PU. Results of the current study also showed that the majority of the examined samples belonged to male patients (70%) and female patients constituted 30% of the samples; patients mean age was 48.95 ± 12.11 years. No significant correlation was observed between the mutations and pathological manifestations (age, gender, and tumor grade).Conclusions: KRAS and BRAF gene mutations were revealed in H. pylori-infected patients with GC.
